aviva temporary car insurance

Short term car insurance sometimes called temporary car insurance or temporary cover. is the ideal solution when you only need cover for a short time.

Aviva's fully comprehensive short term insurance cover is the most cost effective way of insuring yourself to drive another car or van, or someone else to drive your vehicle, for a period of between 1 and 28 days. Arrange cover for a test drive, sharing a long drive with a friend, or borrowing a relative's vehicle for a weekend: get a short term insurance quote now

* Choose the temporary motor insurance cover you need – from 1 to 28 days
* Quick and easy to arrange – your policy can be in place in minutes
* Aviva short term car insurance won't affect the no claims discount on the vehicle's main insurance policy
* Temporary car insurance cover for full business use available (except for hire and reward)
* Uninsured loss recovery included with every temporary motor insurance policy
* A range of additional options available including:
o Comprehensive cover for driving in Europe
o Temporary breakdown cover

aarp auto insurance

AARP is an insurance company fostered by the Hartford Group. Hartford has always been a different sort of insurance company. For one, they seem more active in wanting to bring change to the worn out standardized insurance issues. Meaning, when you call an agent, you're not going to get the same old insurance rhetoric. In fact, you will find there is someone on the other end of the line who really has something different to offer you. Not to mention, you can call that person 24/7. Most people think the commercials are bait and switch tactics or only for a very few isolated people who qualify, but the reality is, the programs AARP offers are real, and they are for most people.

"First time accident forgiveness" is real and believe me, if you ever had an accident with someone like State Farm, this can be a lifelong worthwhile reason to go with AARP. Here are a few other RARE offers from AARP. A twelve-month rate lock, instead of the popular six month, which usually comes with a handy rate increase each time. Get this; they will replace your car with the exact make, model and package if you destroy it during a fifteen month or fifteen thousand mile period from the date of purchase with no deduction for depreciation! How about this one? A "disappearing deductible;" For as long as your record stays clean, your deductible is reduced until it is finally ZERO. If that were not enough, in most accidents that are not your fault, they will pay the entire bill of the repair AND the deductible. One more; if you take your car for repairs to one of their approved facilities, they will reduce your deductible by 100 bucks and stand behind the work done.

On top of these benefits, they have specific programs for people over fifty and people with continuous good driving records. Programs that reward the policyholder. Ever wonder why, when you have maintained a good record, your premiums just continue to go up? It is because nearly every insurance company passes on other "BAD" driver's costs to you. With AARP you are rewarded for your good driving, and you can add benefits to your policy by taking part in an online or local good driving class.

I did find Hartford to have a tiny bit higher complaint ratio in a few states compared to other big names, but in most cases, they were in line with an average rating throughout the country. Remember, pay attention to the agent. Like finding a good doctor, if the person is always in a hurry, or slapping you with confusing statistics, lingo and rhetoric, call another. Most problems arise because of the agent client communication or lack thereof. I did not list all the other "usual" amenities because I wanted to point out the worthwhile "unusual" ones. Like most big carriers, AARP has a plethora of features that attempt to make your time in a car as enjoyable as possible.

I generally avoid companies who get involved in politics because they are usually fighting for themselves. One other thing to be pleased with AARP for is there stand against Washington abuse, ON BOTH SIDES. You may have seen their latest campaign with a combo donkey/elephant kicking, this is a organization by AARP to force Washington to quit their partisan bickering and start helping people who are hurting by addressing the out of control health care costs. I checked this out; they are not the liberal think tank I was afraid they would be. So, it is just one more look-see at what AARP stands for, and although somewhere they are certainly having to watch their bottom line and do what is best for them, they are definitely doing things for us. I would certainly, at the least call and see if you qualify for these wonderful and rare benefits, it would behoove you to switch today.

Products & Services

* First Accident Forgiveness: No Premium increase associated with your first accident for qualified policyholders. Lifetime Renewability: Don't worry about losing your car insurance, you are assured coverage - qualified policyholders. Disappearing Deductible: Maintain a clean driving record, and we'll eliminate your collision deductible over time. RecoverCare: We help pay for the cost of home services such as cooking, cleaning, transportation and yard work if you're injured in an accident. Rate Protection: Your rates are locked in for a full year - not just 6 months like most other companies.

Additional Information

9 out of 10 New Members Save! You deserve auto insurance that rewards you for your years of experience.
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The AARP Auto Insurance Program from The Hartford has provided members with outstanding value and protection for over 25 years. This program incorporates outstanding customer service, affordable...
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The AARP Auto Insurance Program from The Hartford has provided members with outstanding value and protection for over 25 years. This program incorporates outstanding customer service, affordable rates, and innovative policy features designed to keep customer's lives moving uninterrupted.

Reliance general insurance Mediclaim review - Reliance Health Insurance Policy

In these days health care is most necessity of people and it is more expensive. Health insurance policy covers medical expenses during pre and post hospitalization stage. Reliance Health Insurance Policy offers you to get hospitalization costs and its related expenses without worries about finance. So you can give full attention on your loved ones. Reliance General Insurance has official website www.reliancegeneral.co.in. Reliance HealthWise policy has Family Floater feature which covers a family of four members during any such critical illness or unforeseen conditions. By Reliance Health Insurance Policy, you can also get tax benefits under section 80 D of Income Tax Act. Online you can buy any of Reliance Mediclaim insurance policies which you want. Information about Reliance Health Insurance Policy is given below.
Reliance Mediclaim review - Reliance Health Insurance Policy

The policy buyer must be between 3 to 80 years of age and policy renewal is available in till the age of 70. Reliance mediclaim insurance policy covers for hospitalization expenses, donor expenses, domiciliary hospitalization, day-care treatment, etc in the coverage period. At E India Insurance, you can buy Reliance health insurance policy online easily and quickly by using a cheque, credit card, and debit card.

Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, Reliance Capital Ltd’s part is Reliance General Insurance Company Limited. Reliance Capital Ltd is included in the leading private sector financial services companies of India. Due to condition of net worth, it considered in top 3 private sector financial services and banking companies. Reliance General Insurance has more than 94 customized insurance products which cater to the corporate, SME and individual customers. In India's first innovative insurance products Over-The-Counter health & home insurance policies are launched by Reliance General Insurance.

Reliance General Insurance spreads its business around 173 towns in 22 states with more than 200 offices. It has broad distribution channel network among 24x7 customer service assistance and a full fledged website. Reliance General Insurance is the india's first insurance company to achieve ISO 9001:2000 award certification at all functions, processes, products and locations pan-India. Reliance General Insurance provides heath insurance, Motor insurance, Home insurance, Travel insurance, Accident cover insurance.

Eligibility: The policy can be issued to persons between 5 to 80 years of age and children between 3 months to 5 years if one or both parents are covered concurrently.

Advantages of Reliance Health Insurance Policy:

* For Family Hospitalization Care: Reliance Mediclaim Insurance Policy covers you and your family for hospitalisation and related expenses. This policy can covers family members at age of between 5 to 80 years. If one of the parents is covered by Reliance Mediclaim Insurance Policy, health insurance also provided to children between the ages of 3 months and 5 years.
* Claim-Free Bonus: Reliance Health Insurance rewards with a no-claim bonus of 5% on each claim-free renewal. This can be accrued up to a maximum of 50%.
* Tax Advantage: You can be got tax advantages u/s 80D of the Income Tax Act with protection of you and your family by Reliance Mediclaim Insurance Policy.
* Coverage of Reliance Mediclaim Insurance Policy: The Policy will cover different hospitalization costs.
* Hospitalization Expenses: These include room charges and operation theatre charges, fees of medical practitioner, anaesthetist, nursing expenses, and consultants.
* Medicine, Consumables and Diagnostic Expenses: Cost of oxygen, blood, surgical medicine and drugs, anaesthesia, appliances, dialysis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, pacemaker, diagnostic material and X-rays, artificial limbs and organs.
* Day Care Treatment: The policy will cover expenses incurred towards technologically advanced treatment that does not need hospitalization for 24 hours or more.
* Domiciliary Hospitalization: This insurance policy also cover for treatment administered at home, subject to specified conditions.
* Pre- and Post-Hospitalization: Reliance Mediclaim Insurance Policy covers medical expenses for treatment up to 30 days before and up to 60 days after the hospitalization

Value Added Benefits:

* Reliance Mediclaim Insurance Policy offers you value-added benefits to give you extra cushioning and added cover.
* It also provides you with health cover for technologically advanced treatment that does not require 24-hour hospital stay.
* No medical check-up upto the age of 45.
* Free medical check-up after 4 claim-free renewals.

Exclusions: Reliance General Insurance ensures that you do not face any disagreeable revelations while making a claim. So they give several major exclusions under the policy for your knowledge.The policy does not cover:

* Specified illnesses in the case of domiciliary hospitalization
* Specified illnesses for the first year
* Treatment due to abuse of alcohol or intoxicants
* Any pre-existing illness
* Treatment related to HIV / AIDS
* Naturopathy treatment
* Any treatment for the first 30 days from the time of inception of policy, unless due to an accident.
* Vaccination and inoculation
* Nuclear and war perils

Reliance General Insurance claims: You can get help of IRDA licensed administrator for prompt claims services by Reliance General Insurance. They offer services within term and condition of your health policy. The following services of claim provide:

* 24 hours Call Centre Service.
* "Cashless Service" at all their Network Providers for all eligible ailments/conditions
* Processing and settlement of claims under the MEDICLAIM policy with a time bound approach.

As soon as a claim occurs, please intimate to the TPA Help line/Toll free number as mentioned in your Health Card. Alternatively, please click at the following link to find your TPA and view the contact details their Third Party Administrator

Following information needs to be given by you while claim:

* Your Contact Numbers
* Policy Number and Membership ID number (as reflecting on the Health Card)
* Name of Insured person who is Sick or Injured,
* Nature of Sickness/Accident,
* Date & Time of Loss in case of accident, commencement date of symptom of disease in case of sickness,
* Location of Loss,
* Place & contact details of the Insured Person.

Claim Procedure: There are two ways to claim. (1) Reimbursement Claims (2) Cashless claims. Claims can be additional of two types: Planned Hospitalization & Emergency hospitalization.

How to Get Affordable Private Health Insurance Without Losing Your Sanity

The other day I was speaking with a friend of mine who was sharing her exasperation in trying to find quality health insurance for individuals. She works out of her home, so she does not have the luxury of individual or family medical insurance that may be offered by an employer. And if you are not in a group plan, trying to find cheap health insurance these days can be as difficult as finding gold in your back yard.

When we looked at her financial situation, she did not qualify for Medicaid or Medicare because she made too much money for those programs and was still too young for Medicare. However, she was not rich either, so she could not afford what a lot of plans were priced at. Feeling a bit disheartened, I decided to help her get through some researching and digging to find a way to get her insured, at a great price, and with good coverage.

We started out trying to figure out which medical insurance plans were available in our state. Once we knew that, it was a matter of then calling each insurer to see what was available to an individual looking for affordable family health insurance. We soon found out that shopping for health insurance for individuals was going to be a complicated task.

It also made us aware that we really needed to figure out what kind of insurance she really needed. Did she just want something to cover her basic annual medical expenses, doctor visits and prescriptions? Or something that maybe only covered serious illness and accidents? And did she have any existing illness that may make her a little more difficult to insure? All of these questions had to be answered.

Before she gave up hope, I decided to look for a way to do a health insurance comparison online. What we really needed was a quick and easy online method that would allow us in some basic information and get a comparison from all available insurance plans, rates, and options, and keep us from having to contact each individual health insurer individually.

We learned that having a higher deductible was a good way to lower the overall rates. That means that if something happened, she would have to pay more up front before her coverage would kick in. But that did not matter because she felt that if there was a serious accident or illness, it would still be easier to pay a large deductible than to not have coverage at all.

It was nice to be able to find an "all-in-one" health insurance quote service that got her on the right path, with the right insurer at the right price.

Click Here to to get the health insiders lowest rates and have the comparisons done for you in just one search. Individual Health Insurance Plans can find all the best plan at the lowest price.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sharon_Williams

Catastrophic Health Insurance - How to Get the Best Rate

Looking for catastrophic health insurance? Want to know how to get the best rate with a reputable company? Here's how ...

Catastrophic Health Insurance

Catastrophic health insurance, also known as major medical insurance, is a type of health insurance that pays for major medical and hospital expenses but does not pay for visits to your doctor, prescription drugs, or maternity care. Most plans cover hospital stays, surgeries, intensive care, Xrays, and other hospital fees.

Catastrophic health insurance is the cheapest of all health insurance. Deductibles - the amount you pay for a claim before your insurance company will pay - start at $500 and go up to $5,000 or more. Most plans have a lifetime maximum benefit, known as a cap, of $1 million to $3 million. Once you reach your cap you can no longer receive benefits and your policy is canceled.

If you have a particular pre-existing condition such as AIDS, heart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or emphysema, you may not be able to get a catastrophic health insurance plan.

Catastrophic health insurance may be a good health insurance plan for you if you're relatively healthy, take few or no prescription drugs, and want to save money on your health insurance. This plan may also be a good choice if you're retired and not yet eligible for Medicare benefits.

Questions to Consider

Before you purchase a catastrophic health insurance plan you need to ask yourself:

1. How much does the plan cost?

2. What does it cover and what is the lifetime maximum benefit?

3. Can I afford to pay for doctor visits and prescriptions drugs?

4. How much is the deductible and can I afford it?

Getting Cheap Catastrophic Health Insurance

In order to get the best price on catastrophic health insurance you need to compare rates. The easiest way to do that is to go online and visit an insurance comparison website.

Once there you'll be asked to fill out a simple questionnaire with your health history and the type of insurance you want. After you fill out the questionnaire you'll get health insurance quotes from a number of A-rated insurance companies.

The best comparison websites have an insurance professional on call so you can get answers to your health insurance questions. They also have an "Articles" or "FAQs" section with information about health insurance.

make a car insurance claim

Each year, motor insurance providers pay out many hundreds of millions of pounds to people who have been involved in motor accidents or whose cars have been stolen or damaged in some way.

What if this happens to you? Here is our easy-to-understand guide to making a car insurance claim.

* Inform the insurance company as soon as you can after the damage to your car has occurred. If your insurer has a 24-hour helpline, use that. Write down what happened as soon as you can and use that as a reference to make the written insurance claim.
* If the claim refers to a criminal matter - for example theft from a vehicle or of the car itself, make sure the crime is reported to the police. Get the incident number from the police: your car insurance company will want to know in the event of any subsequent prosecutions.
* Always ask the insurer to tell you exactly what you are required to do and what evidence will be needed to support your claim.
* Be consistent: it may look awkward if you want to change your story later on.
* Keep safe all documents that are relevant to the claim, and make sure the staff of the insurance company can get in touch with you when necessary.
* Keep all receipts and photocopy any correspondence linked with your car insurance claim. If you make or receive any phone calls, keep written records of those calls and make sure you get the name of the person you spoke to.
* Don`t take your car in for repairs and hope it will be paid for. Your insurance company will most likely recommend to you a garage, and you should consider taking your car there.
* Your company must agree to pay your car repair costs. Until then, any repair costs are your responsibility. So get concrete conformation about the state of your insurance claim before proceeding with your car repairs.

Lindeberg on Obesity

I'm currently reading Dr. Staffan Lindeberg's magnum opus Food and Western Disease, recently published in English for the first time. Dr. Lindeberg is one of the world's leading experts on the health and diet of non-industrial cultures, particularly in Papua New Guinea. The book contains 2,034 references. It's also full of quotable statements. Here's what he has to say about obesity:

Middle-age spread is a normal phenomenon - assuming you live in the West. Few people are able to maintain their [youthful] waistline after age 50. The usual explanation - too little exercise and too much food - does not fully take into account the situation among traditional populations. Such people are usually not as physically active as you may think, and they usually eat large quantities of food.

Overweight has been extremely rare among hunter-gatherers and other traditional cultures [18 references]. This simple fact has been quickly apparent to all foreign visitors...

The Kitava study measured height, weight, waist circumference, subcutaneous fat thickness at the back of the upper arm (triceps skinfold) and upper arm circumference on 272 persons ages 4-86 years. Overweight and obesity were absent and average [body mass index] was low across all age groups. ...no one was larger around their waist than around their hips.

...The circumference of the upper arm [mostly indicating muscle mass] was only negligibly smaller on Kitava [compared with Sweden], which indicates that there was no malnutrition. It is obvious from our investigations that lack of food is an unknown concept, and that the surplus of fruits and vegetables regularly rots or is eaten by dogs.

The Population of Kitava occupies a unique position in the world in terms of the negligible effect that the Western lifestyle has had on the island.

The only obese Kitavans Dr. Lindeberg observed were two people who had spent several years off the island living a modern, urban lifestyle, and were back on Kitava for a visit.

I'd recommend this book to anyone who has a scholarly interest in health and nutrition, and somewhat of a background in science and medicine. It's extremely well referenced, which makes it much more valuable.

Dissolve Away those Pesky Bones with Corn Oil

I just read an interesting paper from Gabriel Fernandes's group at the University of Texas. It's titled "High fat diet-induced animal model of age-associated obesity and osteoporosis". I was expecting this to be the usual "we fed mice industrial lard for 60% of calories and they got sick" paper, but I was pleasantly surprised. From the introduction:

CO [corn oil] is known to promote bone loss, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and thus represents a useful model for studying the early stages in the development of obesity, hyperglycemia, Type 2 diabetes [23] and osteoporosis. We have used omega-6 fatty acids enriched diet as a fat source which is commonly observed in today's Western diets basically responsible for the pathogenesis of many diseases [24].

Just 10% of the diet as corn oil (roughly 20% of calories), with no added omega-3, on top of an otherwise poor laboratory diet, caused:

• Obesity
• Osteoporosis
• The replacement of bone marrow with fat cells
  
• Diabetes
• Insulin resistance
  
• Generalized inflammation
• Elevated liver weight (possibly indicating fatty liver)
  

Hmm, some of these sound familiar... We can add them to the findings that omega-6 also promotes various types of cancer in rodents (1).

20% fat is less than the amount it typically takes to make a rodent this sick. This leads me to conclude that corn oil is particularly good at causing mouse versions of some of the most common facets of the "diseases of civilization". It's exceptionally high in omega-6 (linoleic acid) with virtually no omega-3.

Make sure to eat your heart-healthy corn oil! It's made in the USA, dirt cheap and it even lowers cholesterol!

How to Review Your Homeowners Insurance Renewal Statement

For most of us, our home is our single largest and most important investment. Many of us have poured thousands of dollars and countless hours into maintaining, improving and (hopefully) paying off our homes. Many people own their homes free of any mortgage. These assets are pure equity. Certainly its worthwhile to invest 15 minutes a year to be sure it's properly insured.

Thankfully, the insurance company offers you a perfect reminder and opportunity in sending out your annual renewal statement. Even if your insurance is paid by your mortgage company as part of your impound account, the insurance company still mails you a statement of renewal every year to update you with your current coverage limits and deductible.

Here's a few important steps you can take to be sure that HOME SWEET HOME is properly protected.

1. Check the basics. Check your name, address and any other description of the insured property. Make sure there's been no change of vesting or ownership that needs to be updated. Check your address to be sure no numbers are transposed.

2. Check the mortgagee clause. Here's where you can be sure that the current mortagee on your home is listed correctly. Check the lender, address and your loan number. Be sure there's no old information there. Maybe you had a HELOC (Home Equity Line of Credit) or a second mortgage that no longer applies. Be sure to get them removed.

HEADS UP: Whenever you have a significant claim, the mortgage company will be one of the payees on your claim settlement check. Just that alone can be an inconvenience. But it becomes a major hassle when one of the institutions listed no longer has a vested interest in your home. The insurance company is bound by contract to include the mortgage company on all settlement checks beyond a stated threshold.

*3. Check the coverage on your home (dwelling or building). This is without question the single most important coverage to examine, consider and adjust whenever necessary. Having been an agent during the two raging firestorms in San Diego, CA in this decade, I can tell you that underinsured homes are just NO FUN! Two of my clients lost their homes in the 2003 fires and fortunately they were both adequately insured. (we call all our homeowner clients once a year to review their coverages and suggest improvements and adjustments) But I can tell you that there were literally hundreds of people in the area that were not so fortunate. Many were underinsured by over $100,000! Contractors were giving rebuilding bids on homes for $400,000 with insurance policies with limits less than $300,000. See if that doesn't tweak your financial well-being just a little. Here's the solution.

Get an accurate rendering of the square footage of your home. Check county records, take a look at zillow.com, call your favorite Realtor, or get a tape measure and do your thing. Usually you don't include the garage in this calculation. Once you get your square footage, then you need to determine the building cost per square foot in your area for a home like yours. Call a local contractor for a quick estimate or you can call your insurance agent. Average costs in San Diego run about $200 per square foot. With that, a 2000 square foot would take about $400,000 to rebuild. Custom homes can be significantlly more. For a more complete discussion of this, check out: How Much Homeowners Insurance Do You REALLY Need?

Your contents coverage is usually 75% of the amount you have on your home. For example, if you have $400,000 on your home, you'll have an additional $300,000 to cover your personal property (furniture, clothing, dishes, TV, collections, shoes, tools, etc) Usually this is enough, but think through it anyway. If you have antiques, art, collections of any kind then you may need more. Ask your agent for help if you need to.

4. Look at your Personal Liability Coverage. This is the coverage you need when you get sued. Little Johnny runs across your front yard and trips on one of your sprinklers and ruins his chances to become America's Next Top Model and his parents sue your for $250,000. Make sure you don't scrimp here. It's not too expensive to get $500,000 or even $1 Million of liability coverage. If you have $100,000 or less, you could be setting yourself up for a mess just waiting to happen. Put a really big checkbook between your assets and someone who sees an injury as a lifetime paycheck. You might even consider a Liability Umbrella.

5. Check your 'special limits'. This is a REALLY BROAD subject that I just can't do justice to here in this post. Simply stated, there's limits on many things such as cash, computers, cameras, jewelry, furs, goldware, silverware, tools, etc. Call your company and ask for a review. You can increase many of these limits for just a few dollars a year. Sometimes the available increase isn't enough. That's the perfect time to consider a Personal Articles Floater (or it's called many different names) It's a policy that's designed to place stated amounts of coverage on many items from jewelry, business tools, iPods, hearing aids, cameras, musical instruments and on and on. If you have more than 'the average Joe' of ANYTHING, then check this out FOR SURE!

6. Check your deductible! This can be a tremendous cost-control tool in your insurance spending. Simply stated: The larger your deductible, the greater your savings. Usually you can save close to $100 per year just by going from a $500 deductible to $1000. Pick the largest number you can stand without losing sleep at night and ask your agent or company the savings you'd realize by changing. If you have a $250 or smaller deductible, it's definitely time to change it UP! Keep in mind that you usually hit a point of 'diminishing returns' once you get to $4000 or more. This means that you'll save less and less for each additional $1000 you choose. It might make sense to go from $1000 to $2000 if you save $85 a year by doing so, but not from $5000 to $6000 if you only save another $21 by making that jump.

Monitoring your insurance costs and coverages can result in a lot of savings AND peace of mind. Be sure you keep notes and file your thoughts and changes from year to year. These recoreds will make your annual call quicker and easier each year.

Feel free to contact me anytime if you have questions.

Till next time...

It's a Good Life !

Dennis Volz Insurance Agency
10783 Jamacha Bl, Suite 1, Spring Valley, CA 91978
OFFICE: (619) 670-1000 - FAX: (619) 670-1121

eMail:Dennis@DennisVolzInsurance.com

Websites: Company Site: DennisVolzInsurance.com

Client Convenience Site: 6701000.com

My 'Other Blogs'
Working by Referral
Musings from California

Saturated Fat and Insulin Sensitivity

Insulin sensitivity is a measure of the tissue response to insulin. Typically, it refers to insulin's ability to cause tissues to absorb glucose from the blood. A loss of insulin sensitivity, also called insulin resistance, is a core part of the metabolic disorder that affects many people in industrial nations.

I don't know how many times I've seen the claim in journal articles and on the internet that saturated fat reduces insulin sensitivity. The idea is that saturated fat reduces the body's ability to handle glucose effectively, placing people on the road to diabetes, obesity and heart disease. Given the "selective citation disorder" that plagues the diet-health literature, perhaps this particular claim deserves a closer look.

The Evidence

I found a review article from 2008 that addressed this question (1). I like this review because it only includes high-quality trials that used reliable methods of determining insulin sensitivity*.

On to the meat of it. There were 5 studies in which non-diabetic people were fed diets rich in saturated fat, and compared with a group eating a diet rich in monounsaturated (like olive oil) or polyunsaturated (like corn oil) fat. They ranged in duration from one week to 3 months. Four of the five studies found that fat quality did not affect insulin sensitivity, including one of the 3-month studies.

The fifth study, which is the one that's nearly always cited in the diet-health literature, requires some discussion. This was the KANWU study (2). Over the course of three months, investigators fed 163 volunteers a diet rich in either saturated fat or monounsaturated fat.

The SAFA diet included butter and a table margarine containing a relatively high proportion of SAFAs. The MUFA diet included a spread and a margarine containing high proportions of oleic acid derived from high-oleic sunflower oil and negligible amounts of trans fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids and olive oil.

Yummy. After three months of these diets, there was no significant difference in insulin sensitivity between the saturated fat group and the monounsaturated fat group. Yes, you read that right. Even the study that's selectively cited as evidence that saturated fat causes insulin resistance found no significant difference between the diets. You might not get this by reading the misleading abstract. I'll be generous and acknowledge that the (small) difference was almost statistically significant (p = 0.053).

What the authors decided to focus on instead is the fact that insulin sensitivity declined slightly but significantly on the saturated fat diet compared with the pre-diet baseline. That's why this study is cited as evidence that saturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity. But anyone who has a basic science background will see where this reasoning is flawed (warning: nerd attack. skip the rest of the paragraph if you're not interested). You need a control group for comparison, to take into account normal fluctuations caused by such things as the season, eating mostly cafeteria food, and having a doctor hooking you up to machines. That control group was the group eating monounsaturated fat. The comparison between diet groups was the 'primary outcome', in statistics lingo. That's the comparison that matters, and it wasn't significant. To interpret the study otherwise is to ignore the basic conventions of statistics, which the authors were happy to do. There's a name for it: 'moving the goalpost'. The reviewers shouldn't have let this kind of shenanigans slide.

So we have five studies through 2008, none of which support the idea that saturated fat reduces insulin sensitivity in non-diabetics. Since the review paper was published, I know of one subsequent study that asked the same question (3). Susan J. van Dijk and colleagues fed volunteers with abdominal overweight (beer gut) a diet rich in either saturated fat or monounsaturated fat. I e-mailed the senior author and she said the saturated fat diet was "mostly butter". The specific fats used in the diets weren't mentioned anywhere in the paper, which is a major omission**. In any case, after 8 weeks, insulin sensitivity was virtually identical between the two groups. This study appeared well controlled and used the gold standard method for assessing insulin sensitivity, called the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique***.

The evidence from controlled trials is rather consistent that saturated fat has no appreciable effect on insulin sensitivity.

Why Are We so Focused on Saturated Fat?

Answer: because it's the nutrient everyone loves to hate. As an exercise in completeness, I'm going to mention three dietary factors that actually reduce insulin sensitivity, and get a lot less air time than saturated fat.

#1: Caffeine. That's right, controlled trials show that your favorite murky beverage reduces insulin sensitivity (4, 5). Is it actually relevant to real life? I doubt it. The doses used were large and the studies short-term.

#2: Magnesium deficiency. A low-magnesium diet reduced insulin sensitivity by 25% over the course of three weeks (6). I think this is probably relevant to long-term insulin sensitivity and overall health, although it would be good to have longer-term data. Magnesium deficiency is widespread in industrial nations, due to our over-reliance on refined foods such as sugar, white flour and oils.

#3: Sugar. Fructose reduces insulin sensitivity in humans, along with many other harmful effects (7).

As long as we continue to focus our energy on indicting saturated fat, it will continue distracting us from the real causes of disease.


* For the nerds: euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (the gold standard), insulin suppression test, or intravenous glucose tolerance test with Minimal Model. They didn't include studies that reported HOMA as their only measure, because it's not very accurate.

** There's this idea that pervades the diet-health literature that all saturated fats are roughly equivalent, all monounsaturated fats are equivalent, etc., therefore it doesn't matter what the source was. This is beyond absurd and reflects our cultural obsession with saturated fat. It really irks me that the reviewers didn't demand this information.

*** They did find that markers of inflammation in fat tissue were higher after the saturated fat diet.

Thank You

I'd like to extend my sincere thanks to everyone who has supported me through donations this year. The money has allowed me to buy materials that I wouldn't otherwise have been able to afford, and I feel it has enriched the blog for everyone. Here are some of the books I've bought using donations. Some were quite expensive:

Food and western disease: health and nutrition from an evolutionary perspective. Staffan Lindeberg (just released!!)

Nutrition and disease. Edward Mellanby

Migration and health in a small society: the case of Tokelau. Edited by Albert F. Wessen

The saccharine disease. T. L. Cleave

Culture, ecology and dental anthropology. John R. Lukacs

Vitamin K in health and disease. John W. Suttie

Craniofacial development. Geoffrey H. Sperber

Western diseases: their emergence and prevention. Hugh C. Trowell and Denis P. Burkitt

The ultimate omega-3 diet. Evelyn Tribole

Our changing fare. John Yudkin and colleagues


Donations have also paid for many, many photocopies at the medical library. I'd also like to thank everyone who participates in the community by leaving comments, or by linking to my posts. I appreciate your encouragement, and also the learning opportunities.

The Body Fat Setpoint, Part IV: Changing the Setpoint

Prevention is Easier than Cure

Experiments in animals have confirmed what common sense suggests: it's easier to prevent health problems than to reverse them. Still, many health conditions can be improved, and in some cases reversed, through lifestyle interventions. It's important to have realistic expectations and to be kind to oneself. Cultivating a drill sergeant mentality will not improve quality of life, and isn't likely to be sustainable.

Fat Loss: a New Approach

If there's one thing that's consistent in the medical literature, it's that telling people to eat fewer calories does not help them lose weight in the long term. Gary Taubes has written about this at length in his book Good Calories, Bad Calories, and in his upcoming book on body fat. Many people who use this strategy see transient fat loss, followed by fat regain and a feeling of defeat. There's a simple reason for it: the body doesn't want to lose weight. It's extremely difficult to fight the fat mass setpoint, and the body will use every tool it has to maintain its preferred level of fat: hunger, reduced body temperature, higher muscle efficiency (i.e., less energy is expended for the same movement), lethargy, lowered immune function, et cetera.

Therefore, what we need for sustainable fat loss is not starvation; we need a treatment that lowers the fat mass setpoint. There are several criteria that this treatment will have to meet to qualify:

1. It must cause fat loss
2. It must not involve deliberate calorie restriction
3. It must maintain fat loss over a long period of time
4. It must not be harmful to overall health
   

I also prefer strategies that make sense from the perspective of human evolution.

Strategies: Diet Pattern

The most obvious treatment that fits all of my criteria is low-carbohydrate dieting. Overweight people eating low-carbohydrate diets generally lose fat and spontaneously reduce their calorie intake. In fact, in several diet studies, investigators compared an all-you-can-eat low-carbohydrate diet with a calorie-restricted low-fat diet. The low-carbohydrate dieters generally reduced their calorie intake and body fat to a similar or greater degree than the low-fat dieters, despite the fact that they ate all the calories they wanted (1). This suggest that their fat mass setpoint had changed. At this point, I think moderate carbohydrate restriction may be preferable to strict carbohydrate restriction for some people, due to the increasing number of reports I've read of people doing poorly in the long run on extremely low-carbohydrate diets (2).

Another strategy that appears effective is the "paleolithic" diet. In Dr. Staffan Lindeberg's 2007 diet study, overweight volunteers with heart disease lost fat and reduced their calorie intake to a remarkable degree while eating a diet consistent with our hunter-gatherer heritage (3). This result is consistent with another diet trial of the paleolithic diet in diabetics (4). In post hoc analysis, Dr. Lindeberg's group showed that the reduction in weight was apparently independent of changes in carbohydrate intake*. This suggests that the paleolithic diet has health benefits that are independent of carbohydrate intake.

Strategies: Gastrointestinal Health

Since the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is so intimately involved in body fat metabolism and overall health (see the former post), the next strategy is to improve GI health. There are a number of ways to do this, but they all center around four things:

1. Don't eat food that encourages the growth of harmful bacteria
2. Eat food that encourages the growth of good bacteria
3. Don't eat food that impairs gut barrier function
4. Eat food that promotes gut barrier health

The first one is pretty easy: avoid refined sugar, refined carbohydrate in general, and lactose if you're lactose intolerant. For the second and fourth points, make sure to eat fermentable fiber. In one trial, oligofructose supplements led to sustained fat loss, without any other changes in diet (5). This is consistent with experiments in rodents showing improvements in gut bacteria profile, gut barrier health, glucose tolerance and body fat mass with oligofructose supplementation (6, 7, 8).

Oligofructose is similar to inulin, a fiber that occurs naturally in a wide variety of plants. Good sources are jerusalem artichokes, jicama, artichokes, onions, leeks, burdock and chicory root. Certain non-industrial cultures had a high intake of inulin. There are some caveats to inulin, however: inulin and oligofructose can cause gas, and can also exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux disorder (9). So don't eat a big plate of jerusalem artichokes before that important date.

The colon is packed with symbiotic bacteria, and is the site of most intestinal fermentation. The small intestine contains fewer bacteria, but gut barrier function there is critical as well. The small intestine is where the GI doctor will take a biopsy to look for celiac disease. Celiac disease is a degeneration of the small intestinal lining due to an autoimmune reaction caused by gluten (in wheat, barley and rye). This brings us to one of the most important elements of maintaining gut barrier health: avoiding food sensitivities. Gluten and casein (in dairy protein) are the two most common offenders. Gluten sensitivity is widespread and typically undiagnosed (10).

Eating raw fermented foods such as sauerkraut, kimchi, yogurt and half-sour pickles also helps maintain the integrity of the upper GI tract. I doubt these have any effect on the colon, given the huge number of bacteria already present. Other important factors in gut barrier health are keeping the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fats in balance, eating nutrient-dense food, and avoiding the questionable chemical additives in processed food. If triglycerides are important for leptin sensitivity, then avoiding sugar and ensuring a regular source of omega-3 should aid weight loss as well.

Strategies: Micronutrients

As I discussed in the last post, micronutrient deficiency probably plays a role in obesity, both in ways that we understand and ways that we (or I) don't. Eating a diet that has a high nutrient density and ensuring a good vitamin D status will help any sustainable fat loss strategy. The easiest way to do this is to eliminate industrially processed foods such as white flour, sugar and seed oils. These constitute more than 50% of calories for the average Westerner.

After that, you can further increase your diet's nutrient density by learning to properly prepare grains and legumes to maximize their nutritional value and digestibility (11, 12; or by avoiding grains and legumes altogether if you wish), selecting organic and/or pasture-raised foods if possible, and eating seafood including seaweed. One of the problems with extremely low-carbohydrate diets is that they may be low in water-soluble micronutrients, although this isn't necessarily the case.

Strategies: Miscellaneous

In general, exercise isn't necessarily helpful for fat loss. However, there is one type of exercise that clearly is: high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT). It's basically a fancy name for sprints. They can be done on a track, on a stationary bicycle, using weight training circuits, or any other way that allows sufficient intensity. The key is to achieve maximal exertion for several brief periods, separated by rest. This type of exercise is not about burning calories through exertion: it's about increasing hormone sensitivity using an intense, brief stressor (hormesis). Even a ridiculously short period of time spent training HIIT each week can result in significant fat loss, despite no change in diet or calorie intake (13).

Anecdotally, many people have had success using intermittent fasting (IF) for fat loss. There's some evidence in the scientific literature that IF and related approaches may be helpful (14). There are different approaches to IF, but a common and effective method is to do two complete 24-hour fasts per week. It's important to note that IF isn't about restricting calories, it's about resetting the fat mass setpoint. After a fast, allow yourself to eat quality food until you're no longer hungry.

Insufficient sleep has been strongly and repeatedly linked to obesity. Whether it's a cause or consequence of obesity I can't say for sure, but in any case it's important for health to sleep until you feel rested. If your sleep quality is poor due to psychological stress, meditating before bedtime may help. I find that meditation has a remarkable effect on my sleep quality. Due to the poor development of oral and nasal structures in industrial nations, many people do not breathe effectively and may suffer from conditions such as sleep apnea that reduce sleep quality. Overweight also contributes to these problems.

I'm sure there are other useful strategies, but that's all I have for now. If you have something to add, please put it in the comments.


* Since reducing carbohydrate intake wasn't part of the intervention, this result is observational.

The Body Fat Setpoint, Part III: Dietary Causes of Obesity

What Caused the Setpoint to Change?

We have two criteria to narrow our search for the cause of modern fat gain:

1. It has to be new to the human environment
   
2. It has to cause leptin resistance or otherwise disturb the setpoint
   

Although I believe that exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle, it probably can't explain the increase in fat mass in modern nations. I've written about that here and here. There are various other possible explanations, such as industrial pollutants, a lack of sleep and psychological stress, which may play a role. But I feel that diet is likely to be the primary cause. When you're drinking 20 oz Cokes, bisphenol-A contamination is the least of your worries.

In the last post, I described two mechanisms that may contribute to elevating the body fat set point by causing leptin resistance: inflammation in the hypothalamus, and impaired leptin transport into the brain due to elevated triglycerides. After more reading and discussing it with my mentor, I've decided that the triglyceride hypothesis is on shaky ground*. Nevertheless, it is consistent with certain observations:

• Fibrate drugs that lower triglycerides can lower fat mass in rodents and humans
  
• Low-carbohydrate diets are effective for fat loss and lower triglycerides
• Fructose can cause leptin resistance in rodents and it elevates triglycerides (1)
• Fish oil reduces triglycerides. Some but not all studies have shown that fish oil aids fat loss (2)
  

Inflammation in the hypothalamus, with accompanying resistance to leptin signaling, has been reported in a number of animal studies of diet-induced obesity. I feel it's likely to occur in humans as well, although the dietary causes are probably different for humans. The hypothalamus is the primary site where leptin acts to regulate fat mass (3). Importantly, preventing inflammation in the brain prevents leptin resistance and obesity in diet-induced obese mice (3.1). The hypothalamus is likely to be the most important site of action. Research is underway on this.

The Role of Digestive Health

What causes inflammation in the hypothalamus? One of the most interesting hypotheses is that increased intestinal permeability allows inflammatory substances to cross into the circulation from the gut, irritating a number of tissues including the hypothalamus.

Dr. Remy Burcelin and his group have spearheaded this research. They've shown that high-fat diets cause obesity in mice, and that they also increase the level of an inflammatory substance called lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the blood. LPS is produced by gram-negative bacteria in the gut and is one of the main factors that activates the immune system during an infection. Antibiotics that kill gram-negative bacteria in the gut prevent the negative consequences of high-fat feeding in mice.

Burcelin's group showed that infusing LPS into mice on a low-fat chow diet causes them to become obese and insulin resistant just like high-fat fed mice (4). Furthermore, adding 10% of the soluble fiber oligofructose to the high-fat diet prevented the increase in intestinal permeability and also largely prevented the body fat gain and insulin resistance from high-fat feeding (5). Oligofructose is food for friendly gut bacteria and ends up being converted to butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids in the colon. This results in lower intestinal permeability to toxins such as LPS. This is particularly interesting because oligofructose supplements cause fat loss in humans (6).

A recent study showed that blood LPS levels are correlated with body fat, elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, and insulin resistance in humans (7). However, a separate study didn't come to the same conclusion (8). The discrepancy may be due to the fact that LPS isn't the only inflammatory substance to cross the gut lining-- other substances may also be involved. Anything in the blood that shouldn't be there is potentially inflammatory.

Overall, I think gut dysfunction probably plays a major role in obesity and other modern metabolic problems. Insufficient dietary fiber, micronutrient deficiencies, excessive gut irritating substances such as gluten, abnormal bacterial growth due to refined carbohydrates (particularly sugar), and omega-6:3 imbalance may all contribute to abnormal gut bacteria and increased gut permeability.

The Role of Fatty Acids and Micronutrients

Any time a disease involves inflammation, the first thing that comes to my mind is the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fats. The modern Western diet is heavily weighted toward omega-6, which are the precursors to some very inflammatory substances (as well as a few that are anti-inflammatory). These substances are essential for health in the correct amounts, but they need to be balanced with omega-3 to prevent excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Animal models have repeatedly shown that omega-3 deficiency contributes to the fat gain and insulin resistance they develop when fed high-fat diets (9, 10, 11).

As a matter of fact, most of the papers claiming "saturated fat causes this or that in rodents" are actually studying omega-3 deficiency. The "saturated fats" that are typically used in high-fat rodent diets are refined fats from conventionally raised animals, which are very low in omega-3. If you add a bit of omega-3 to these diets, suddenly they don't cause the same metabolic problems, and are generally superior to refined seed oils, even in rodents (12, 13).

I believe that micronutrient deficiency also plays a role. Inadequate vitamin and mineral status can contribute to inflammation and weight gain. Obese people typically show deficiencies in several vitamins and minerals. The problem is that we don't know whether the deficiencies caused the obesity or vice versa. Refined carbohydrates and refined oils are the worst offenders because they're almost completely devoid of micronutrients.

Vitamin D in particular plays an important role in immune responses (including inflammation), and also appears to influence body fat mass. Vitamin D status is associated with body fat and insulin sensitivity in humans (14, 15, 16). More convincingly, genetic differences in the vitamin D receptor gene are also associated with body fat mass (17, 18), and vitamin D intake predicts future fat gain (19).

Exiting the Niche

I believe that we have strayed too far from our species' ecological niche, and our health is suffering. One manifestation of that is body fat gain. Many factors probably contribute, but I believe that diet is the most important. A diet heavy in nutrient-poor refined carbohydrates and industrial omega-6 oils, high in gut irritating substances such as gluten and sugar, and a lack of direct sunlight, have caused us to lose the robust digestion and good micronutrient status that characterized our distant ancestors. I believe that one consequence has been the dysregulation of the system that maintains the fat mass "setpoint". This has resulted in an increase in body fat in 20th century affluent nations, and other cultures eating our industrial food products.

In the next post, I'll discuss my thoughts on how to reset the body fat setpoint.


* The ratio of leptin in the serum to leptin in the brain is diminished in obesity, but given that serum leptin is very high in the obese, the absolute level of leptin in the brain is typically not lower than a lean person. Leptin is transported into the brain by a transport mechanism that saturates when serum leptin is not that much higher than the normal level for a lean person. Therefore, the fact that the ratio of serum to brain leptin is higher in the obese does not necessarily reflect a defect in transport, but rather the fact that the mechanism that transports leptin is already at full capacity.

Krauss's New Article on Saturated Fat Intervention Trials

Dr. Ronald Krauss's group just published another article in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, this time on the intervention trials examining the effectiveness of reducing saturated fat and/or replacing it with other nutrients, particularly carbohydrate or polyunsaturated seed oils. I don't agree with everything in this article. For example, they cite the Finnish Mental Hospital trial. They openly acknowledge some contradictory data, although they left out the Sydney diet-heart study and the Rose et al. corn oil study, both of which showed greatly increased mortality from replacing animal fats with polyunsaturated seed oils. Nevertheless, they get it right in the end:

Particularly given the differential effects of dietary saturated fats and carbohydrates on concentrations of larger and smaller LDL particles, respectively, dietary efforts to improve the increasing burden of CVD risk associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia should primarily emphasize the limitation of refined carbohydrate intakes and a reduction in excess adiposity.

This is really cool. Krauss is channeling Weston Price. If this keeps up, I may have no reason to blog anymore!

The Body Fat Setpoint, Part II: Mechanisms of Fat Gain

The Timeline of Fat Gain

Modern humans are unusual mammals in that fat mass varies greatly between individuals. Some animals carry a large amount of fat for a specific purpose, such as hibernation or migration. But all individuals of the same sex and social position will carry approximately the same amount of fat at any given time of year. Likewise, in hunter-gatherer societies worldwide, there isn't much variation in body weight-- nearly everyone is lean. Not necessarily lean like Usain Bolt, but not overweight.

Although overweight and obesity occurred forty years ago in the U.S. and U.K., they were much less common than today, particularly in children. Here are data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control NHANES surveys (from this post):

Together, this shows that a) leanness is the most natural condition for the human body, and b) something about our changing environment, not our genes, has caused our body fat to grow.

Fat Mass is Regulated by a Feedback Circuit Between Fat Tissue and the Brain

In the last post, I described how the body regulates fat mass, attempting to keep it within a narrow window or "setpoint". Body fat produces a hormone called leptin, which signals to the brain and other organs to decrease appetite, increase the metabolic rate and increase physical activity. More fat means more leptin, which then causes the extra fat to be burned. The little glitch is that some people become resistant to leptin, so that their brain doesn't hear the fat tissue screaming that it's already full. Leptin resistance nearly always accompanies obesity, because it's a precondition of significant fat gain. If a person weren't leptin resistant, he wouldn't have the ability to gain more than a few pounds of fat without heroic overeating (which is very very unpleasant when your brain is telling you to stop). Animal models of leptin resistance develop something that resembles human metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, blood lipid abnormalities, insulin resistance, high blood pressure).

The Role of the Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is on the underside of the brain connected to the pituitary gland. It's the main site of leptin action in the brain, and it controls the majority of leptin's effects on appetite, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Most of the known gene variations that are associated with overweight in humans influence the function of the hypothalamus in some way (1). Not surprisingly, leptin resistance in the hypothalamus has been proposed as a cause of obesity. It's been shown in rats and mice that hypothalamic leptin resistance occurs in diet-induced obesity, and it's almost certainly the case in humans as well. What's causing leptin resistance in the hypothalamus?

There are three leading explanations at this point that are not mutually exclusive. One is cellular stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, a structure inside the cell that's used for protein synthesis and folding. I've read the most recent paper on this in detail, and I found it unconvincing (2). I'm open to the idea, but it needs more rigorous support.

A second explanation is inflammation in the hypothalamus. Inflammation inhibits leptin and insulin signaling in a variety of cell types. At least two studies have shown that diet-induced obesity in rodents leads to inflammation in the hypothalamus (3, 4)*. If leptin is getting to the hypothalamus, but the hypothalamus is insensitive to it, it will require more leptin to get the same signal, and fat mass will creep up until it reaches a higher setpoint.

The other possibility is that leptin simply isn't reaching the hypothalamus. The brain is a unique organ. It's enclosed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which greatly restricts what can enter and leave it. Both insulin and leptin are actively transported across the BBB. It's been known for a decade that obesity in rodents is associated with a lower rate of leptin transport across the BBB (5, 6).

What causes a decrease in leptin transport across the BBB? Triglycerides are a major factor. These are circulating fats going from the liver and the digestive tract to other tissues. They're one of the blood lipid measurements the doctor makes when he draws your blood. Several studies in rodents have shown that high triglycerides cause a reduction in leptin transport across the BBB, and reducing triglycerides allows greater leptin transport and fat loss (7, 8). In support of this theory, the triglyceride-reducing drug gemfibrozil also causes weight loss in humans (9)**. Guess what else reduces triglycerides and causes weight loss? Low-carbohydrate diets, and avoiding sugar and refined carbohydrates in particular.

In the next post, I'll get more specific about what factors could be causing hypothalamic inflammation and/or reduced leptin transport across the BBB. I'll also discuss some ideas on how to reduce leptin resistance sustainably through diet and exercise.


* This is accomplished by feeding them sad little pellets that look like greasy chalk. They're made up mostly of lard, soybean oil, casein, maltodextrin or cornstarch, sugar, vitamins and minerals (this is a link to the the most commonly used diet for inducing obesity in rodents). Food doesn't get any more refined than this stuff, and adding just about anything to it, from fiber to fruit extracts, makes it less damaging.

** Fibrates are PPAR agonists, so the weight loss could also be due to something besides the reduction in triglycerides.

New Saturated Fat Review Article by Dr. Ronald Krauss

I never thought I'd see the day when one of the most prominent lipid researchers in the world did an honest review of the observational studies evaluating the link between saturated fat and cardiovascular disease. Dr. Ronald Krauss's group has published a review article titled "Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease". As anyone with two eyes and access to the medical literature would conclude (including myself), they found no association whatsoever between saturated fat intake and heart disease or stroke:

A meta-analysis of prospective epidemiologic studies showed that there is no significant evidence for concluding that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of CHD or CVD.

Bravo, Dr. Krauss. That was a brave move.

Thanks to Peter for pointing out this article.

Paleo is Going Mainstream

There was an article on the modern "Paleolithic" lifestyle in the New York Times today. I thought it was a pretty fair treatment of the subject, although it did paint it as more macho and carnivorous than it needs to be. It features three attractive NY cave people. It appeared in the styles section here. Paleo is going mainstream. We can expect media health authorities to start getting defensive about it any minute now.